Buffer Conversions (#23)

* Why is this not working

* Revert helper shader changes for now

* Byte Index Buffer Restride

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/BufferHolder.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
     [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
     public class BufferHolder : IDisposable
     {
+        private CacheByRange<BufferHolder> _cachedConvertedBuffers;
+
         public int Size { get; }
 
         private readonly IntPtr _map;
@@ -271,9 +273,66 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _waitable.WaitForFences(offset, size);
         }
 
+        private bool BoundToRange(int offset, ref int size)
+        {
+            if (offset >= Size)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            size = Math.Min(Size - offset, size);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public Auto<DisposableBuffer> GetBufferI8ToI16(CommandBufferScoped cbs, int offset, int size)
+        {
+            if (!BoundToRange(offset, ref size))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var key = new I8ToI16CacheKey(_renderer);
+
+            if (!_cachedConvertedBuffers.TryGetValue(offset, size, key, out var holder))
+            {
+                holder = _renderer.BufferManager.Create((size * 2 + 3) & ~3);
+
+                _renderer.HelperShader.ConvertI8ToI16(cbs, this, holder, offset, size);
+
+                key.SetBuffer(holder.GetBuffer());
+
+                _cachedConvertedBuffers.Add(offset, size, key, holder);
+            }
+
+            return holder.GetBuffer();
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetCachedConvertedBuffer(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key, out BufferHolder holder)
+        {
+            return _cachedConvertedBuffers.TryGetValue(offset, size, key, out holder);
+        }
+
+        public void AddCachedConvertedBuffer(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key, BufferHolder holder)
+        {
+            _cachedConvertedBuffers.Add(offset, size, key, holder);
+        }
+
+        public void AddCachedConvertedBufferDependency(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key, Dependency dependency)
+        {
+            _cachedConvertedBuffers.AddDependency(offset, size, key, dependency);
+        }
+
+        public void RemoveCachedConvertedBuffer(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key)
+        {
+            _cachedConvertedBuffers.Remove(offset, size, key);
+        }
+
+
         public void Dispose()
         {
             _buffer.Dispose();
+            _cachedConvertedBuffers.Dispose();
 
             _flushLock.EnterWriteLock();
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/BufferManager.cs

@@ -153,6 +153,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             return null;
         }
 
+        public Auto<DisposableBuffer> GetBufferI8ToI16(CommandBufferScoped cbs, BufferHandle handle, int offset, int size)
+        {
+            if (TryGetBuffer(handle, out var holder))
+            {
+                return holder.GetBufferI8ToI16(cbs, offset, size);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
         public PinnedSpan<byte> GetData(BufferHandle handle, int offset, int size)
         {
             if (TryGetBuffer(handle, out var holder))

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/CacheByRange.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+using SharpMetal.Metal;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
+{
+    public interface ICacheKey : IDisposable
+    {
+        bool KeyEqual(ICacheKey other);
+    }
+
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    struct I8ToI16CacheKey : ICacheKey
+    {
+        // Used to notify the pipeline that bindings have invalidated on dispose.
+        private readonly MetalRenderer _renderer;
+        private Auto<DisposableBuffer> _buffer;
+
+        public I8ToI16CacheKey(MetalRenderer renderer)
+        {
+            _renderer = renderer;
+            _buffer = null;
+        }
+
+        public readonly bool KeyEqual(ICacheKey other)
+        {
+            return other is I8ToI16CacheKey;
+        }
+
+        public void SetBuffer(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer)
+        {
+            _buffer = buffer;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            // TODO: Tell pipeline buffer is dirty!
+            // _renderer.PipelineInternal.DirtyIndexBuffer(_buffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    struct AlignedVertexBufferCacheKey : ICacheKey
+    {
+        private readonly int _stride;
+        private readonly int _alignment;
+
+        // Used to notify the pipeline that bindings have invalidated on dispose.
+        private readonly MetalRenderer _renderer;
+        private Auto<DisposableBuffer> _buffer;
+
+        public AlignedVertexBufferCacheKey(MetalRenderer renderer, int stride, int alignment)
+        {
+            _renderer = renderer;
+            _stride = stride;
+            _alignment = alignment;
+            _buffer = null;
+        }
+
+        public readonly bool KeyEqual(ICacheKey other)
+        {
+            return other is AlignedVertexBufferCacheKey entry &&
+                   entry._stride == _stride &&
+                   entry._alignment == _alignment;
+        }
+
+        public void SetBuffer(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer)
+        {
+            _buffer = buffer;
+        }
+
+        public readonly void Dispose()
+        {
+            // TODO: Tell pipeline buffer is dirty!
+            // _renderer.PipelineInternal.DirtyVertexBuffer(_buffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    struct TopologyConversionCacheKey : ICacheKey
+    {
+        // TODO: Patterns
+        // private readonly IndexBufferPattern _pattern;
+        private readonly int _indexSize;
+
+        // Used to notify the pipeline that bindings have invalidated on dispose.
+        private readonly MetalRenderer _renderer;
+        private Auto<DisposableBuffer> _buffer;
+
+        public TopologyConversionCacheKey(MetalRenderer renderer, /*IndexBufferPattern pattern, */int indexSize)
+        {
+            _renderer = renderer;
+            // _pattern = pattern;
+            _indexSize = indexSize;
+            _buffer = null;
+        }
+
+        public readonly bool KeyEqual(ICacheKey other)
+        {
+            return other is TopologyConversionCacheKey entry &&
+                   // entry._pattern == _pattern &&
+                   entry._indexSize == _indexSize;
+        }
+
+        public void SetBuffer(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer)
+        {
+            _buffer = buffer;
+        }
+
+        public readonly void Dispose()
+        {
+            // TODO: Tell pipeline buffer is dirty!
+            // _renderer.PipelineInternal.DirtyVertexBuffer(_buffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    public readonly struct Dependency
+    {
+        private readonly BufferHolder _buffer;
+        private readonly int _offset;
+        private readonly int _size;
+        private readonly ICacheKey _key;
+
+        public Dependency(BufferHolder buffer, int offset, int size, ICacheKey key)
+        {
+            _buffer = buffer;
+            _offset = offset;
+            _size = size;
+            _key = key;
+        }
+
+        public void RemoveFromOwner()
+        {
+            _buffer.RemoveCachedConvertedBuffer(_offset, _size, _key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    struct CacheByRange<T> where T : IDisposable
+    {
+        private struct Entry
+        {
+            public ICacheKey Key;
+            public T Value;
+            public List<Dependency> DependencyList;
+
+            public Entry(ICacheKey key, T value)
+            {
+                Key = key;
+                Value = value;
+                DependencyList = null;
+            }
+
+            public readonly void InvalidateDependencies()
+            {
+                if (DependencyList != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (Dependency dependency in DependencyList)
+                    {
+                        dependency.RemoveFromOwner();
+                    }
+
+                    DependencyList.Clear();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Dictionary<ulong, List<Entry>> _ranges;
+
+        public void Add(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key, T value)
+        {
+            List<Entry> entries = GetEntries(offset, size);
+
+            entries.Add(new Entry(key, value));
+        }
+
+        public void AddDependency(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key, Dependency dependency)
+        {
+            List<Entry> entries = GetEntries(offset, size);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < entries.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Entry entry = entries[i];
+
+                if (entry.Key.KeyEqual(key))
+                {
+                    if (entry.DependencyList == null)
+                    {
+                        entry.DependencyList = new List<Dependency>();
+                        entries[i] = entry;
+                    }
+
+                    entry.DependencyList.Add(dependency);
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Remove(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key)
+        {
+            List<Entry> entries = GetEntries(offset, size);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < entries.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Entry entry = entries[i];
+
+                if (entry.Key.KeyEqual(key))
+                {
+                    entries.RemoveAt(i--);
+
+                    DestroyEntry(entry);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (entries.Count == 0)
+            {
+                _ranges.Remove(PackRange(offset, size));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetValue(int offset, int size, ICacheKey key, out T value)
+        {
+            List<Entry> entries = GetEntries(offset, size);
+
+            foreach (Entry entry in entries)
+            {
+                if (entry.Key.KeyEqual(key))
+                {
+                    value = entry.Value;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            value = default;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            if (_ranges != null)
+            {
+                foreach (List<Entry> entries in _ranges.Values)
+                {
+                    foreach (Entry entry in entries)
+                    {
+                        DestroyEntry(entry);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _ranges.Clear();
+                _ranges = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public readonly void ClearRange(int offset, int size)
+        {
+            if (_ranges != null && _ranges.Count > 0)
+            {
+                int end = offset + size;
+
+                List<ulong> toRemove = null;
+
+                foreach (KeyValuePair<ulong, List<Entry>> range in _ranges)
+                {
+                    (int rOffset, int rSize) = UnpackRange(range.Key);
+
+                    int rEnd = rOffset + rSize;
+
+                    if (rEnd > offset && rOffset < end)
+                    {
+                        List<Entry> entries = range.Value;
+
+                        foreach (Entry entry in entries)
+                        {
+                            DestroyEntry(entry);
+                        }
+
+                        (toRemove ??= new List<ulong>()).Add(range.Key);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (toRemove != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (ulong range in toRemove)
+                    {
+                        _ranges.Remove(range);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private List<Entry> GetEntries(int offset, int size)
+        {
+            _ranges ??= new Dictionary<ulong, List<Entry>>();
+
+            ulong key = PackRange(offset, size);
+
+            if (!_ranges.TryGetValue(key, out List<Entry> value))
+            {
+                value = new List<Entry>();
+                _ranges.Add(key, value);
+            }
+
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        private static void DestroyEntry(Entry entry)
+        {
+            entry.Key.Dispose();
+            entry.Value?.Dispose();
+            entry.InvalidateDependencies();
+        }
+
+        private static ulong PackRange(int offset, int size)
+        {
+            return (uint)offset | ((ulong)size << 32);
+        }
+
+        private static (int offset, int size) UnpackRange(ulong range)
+        {
+            return ((int)range, (int)(range >> 32));
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Clear();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/EncoderState.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using SharpMetal.Metal;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -21,6 +22,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         }
     }
 
+    public record struct BufferRef
+    {
+        public Auto<DisposableBuffer> Buffer;
+        public int Index;
+        public BufferRange? Range;
+
+        public BufferRef(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer, int index)
+        {
+            Buffer = buffer;
+            Index = index;
+        }
+
+        public BufferRef(Auto<DisposableBuffer> buffer, int index, ref BufferRange range)
+        {
+            Buffer = buffer;
+            Index = index;
+            Range = range;
+        }
+    }
+
     [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
     struct EncoderState
     {
@@ -37,10 +58,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         public TextureBase[] ComputeTextures = new TextureBase[Constants.MaxTextures];
         public MTLSamplerState[] ComputeSamplers = new MTLSamplerState[Constants.MaxSamplers];
 
-        public BufferAssignment[] UniformBuffers = [];
+        public BufferRef[] UniformBuffers = [];
-        public BufferAssignment[] StorageBuffers = [];
+        public BufferRef[] StorageBuffers = [];
 
-        public BufferRange IndexBuffer = default;
+        public Auto<DisposableBuffer> IndexBuffer = default;
         public MTLIndexType IndexType = MTLIndexType.UInt16;
         public ulong IndexBufferOffset = 0;
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/EncoderStateManager.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         private EncoderState _currentState = new();
         private readonly Stack<EncoderState> _backStates = [];
 
-        public readonly BufferRange IndexBuffer => _currentState.IndexBuffer;
+        public readonly Auto<DisposableBuffer> IndexBuffer => _currentState.IndexBuffer;
         public readonly MTLIndexType IndexType => _currentState.IndexType;
         public readonly ulong IndexBufferOffset => _currentState.IndexBufferOffset;
         public readonly PrimitiveTopology Topology => _currentState.Topology;
@@ -355,10 +355,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         public void UpdateIndexBuffer(BufferRange buffer, IndexType type)
         {
             if (buffer.Handle != BufferHandle.Null)
+            {
+                if (type == GAL.IndexType.UByte)
+                {
+                    _currentState.IndexType = MTLIndexType.UInt16;
+                    _currentState.IndexBufferOffset = (ulong)buffer.Offset;
+                    _currentState.IndexBuffer = _bufferManager.GetBufferI8ToI16(_pipeline.CurrentCommandBuffer, buffer.Handle, buffer.Offset, buffer.Size);
+                }
+                else
                 {
                     _currentState.IndexType = type.Convert();
                     _currentState.IndexBufferOffset = (ulong)buffer.Offset;
-                _currentState.IndexBuffer = buffer;
+                    _currentState.IndexBuffer = _bufferManager.GetBuffer(buffer.Handle, false);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -659,7 +668,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         // Inlineable
         public void UpdateUniformBuffers(ReadOnlySpan<BufferAssignment> buffers)
         {
-            _currentState.UniformBuffers = buffers.ToArray();
+            _currentState.UniformBuffers = new BufferRef[buffers.Length];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < buffers.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var assignment = buffers[i];
+                var buffer = assignment.Range;
+                int index = assignment.Binding;
+
+                Auto<DisposableBuffer> mtlBuffer = buffer.Handle == BufferHandle.Null
+                    ? null
+                    : _bufferManager.GetBuffer(buffer.Handle, buffer.Write);
+
+                _currentState.UniformBuffers[i] = new BufferRef(mtlBuffer, index, ref buffer);
+            }
 
             // Inline update
             if (_pipeline.CurrentEncoder != null)
@@ -680,13 +702,49 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         // Inlineable
         public void UpdateStorageBuffers(ReadOnlySpan<BufferAssignment> buffers)
         {
-            _currentState.StorageBuffers = buffers.ToArray();
+            _currentState.StorageBuffers = new BufferRef[buffers.Length];
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < _currentState.StorageBuffers.Length; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < buffers.Length; i++)
             {
-                BufferAssignment buffer = _currentState.StorageBuffers[i];
+                var assignment = buffers[i];
-                // TODO: DONT offset the binding by 15
+                var buffer = assignment.Range;
-                _currentState.StorageBuffers[i] = new BufferAssignment(buffer.Binding + 15, buffer.Range);
+                // TODO: Dont do this
+                int index = assignment.Binding + 15;
+
+                Auto<DisposableBuffer> mtlBuffer = buffer.Handle == BufferHandle.Null
+                    ? null
+                    : _bufferManager.GetBuffer(buffer.Handle, buffer.Write);
+
+                _currentState.StorageBuffers[i] = new BufferRef(mtlBuffer, index, ref buffer);
+            }
+
+            // Inline update
+            if (_pipeline.CurrentEncoder != null)
+            {
+                if (_pipeline.CurrentEncoderType == EncoderType.Render)
+                {
+                    var renderCommandEncoder = new MTLRenderCommandEncoder(_pipeline.CurrentEncoder.Value);
+                    SetRenderBuffers(renderCommandEncoder, _currentState.StorageBuffers, true);
+                }
+                else if (_pipeline.CurrentEncoderType == EncoderType.Compute)
+                {
+                    var computeCommandEncoder = new MTLComputeCommandEncoder(_pipeline.CurrentEncoder.Value);
+                    SetComputeBuffers(computeCommandEncoder, _currentState.StorageBuffers);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Inlineable
+        public void UpdateStorageBuffers(int first, ReadOnlySpan<Auto<DisposableBuffer>> buffers)
+        {
+            _currentState.StorageBuffers = new BufferRef[buffers.Length];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < buffers.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var mtlBuffer = buffers[i];
+                int index = first + i;
+
+                _currentState.StorageBuffers[i] = new BufferRef(mtlBuffer, index);
             }
 
             // Inline update
@@ -938,51 +996,95 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
         private void SetVertexBuffers(MTLRenderCommandEncoder renderCommandEncoder, VertexBufferDescriptor[] bufferDescriptors)
         {
-            var buffers = new List<BufferAssignment>();
+            var buffers = new List<BufferRef>();
 
             for (int i = 0; i < bufferDescriptors.Length; i++)
             {
-                buffers.Add(new BufferAssignment(i, bufferDescriptors[i].Buffer));
+                Auto<DisposableBuffer> mtlBuffer = bufferDescriptors[i].Buffer.Handle == BufferHandle.Null
+                    ? null
+                    : _bufferManager.GetBuffer(bufferDescriptors[i].Buffer.Handle, bufferDescriptors[i].Buffer.Write);
+
+                var range = bufferDescriptors[i].Buffer;
+
+                buffers.Add(new BufferRef(mtlBuffer, i, ref range));
             }
 
+            var zeroBufferRange = new BufferRange(_zeroBuffer, 0, ZeroBufferSize);
+
+            Auto<DisposableBuffer> zeroBuffer = _zeroBuffer == BufferHandle.Null
+                ? null
+                : _bufferManager.GetBuffer(_zeroBuffer, false);
+
             // Zero buffer
-            buffers.Add(new BufferAssignment(
+            buffers.Add(new BufferRef(zeroBuffer, bufferDescriptors.Length, ref zeroBufferRange));
-                bufferDescriptors.Length,
-                new BufferRange(_zeroBuffer, 0, ZeroBufferSize)));
 
             SetRenderBuffers(renderCommandEncoder, buffers.ToArray());
         }
 
-        private readonly void SetRenderBuffers(MTLRenderCommandEncoder renderCommandEncoder, BufferAssignment[] buffers, bool fragment = false)
+        private readonly void SetRenderBuffers(MTLRenderCommandEncoder renderCommandEncoder, BufferRef[] buffers, bool fragment = false)
         {
-            foreach (var buffer in buffers)
+            for (int i = 0; i < buffers.Length; i++)
             {
-                var range = buffer.Range;
+                var range = buffers[i].Range;
-                var autoBuffer = _bufferManager.GetBuffer(range.Handle, range.Offset, range.Size, range.Write);
+                var autoBuffer = buffers[i].Buffer;
+                var offset = 0;
+                var index = buffers[i].Index;
 
-                if (autoBuffer != null)
+                if (autoBuffer == null)
                 {
-                    var mtlBuffer = autoBuffer.Get(_pipeline.CurrentCommandBuffer).Value;
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-                    renderCommandEncoder.SetVertexBuffer(mtlBuffer, (ulong)range.Offset, (ulong)buffer.Binding);
+                MTLBuffer mtlBuffer;
+
+                if (range.HasValue)
+                {
+                    offset = range.Value.Offset;
+                    mtlBuffer = autoBuffer.Get(_pipeline.CurrentCommandBuffer, offset, range.Value.Size, range.Value.Write).Value;
+
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    mtlBuffer = autoBuffer.Get(_pipeline.CurrentCommandBuffer).Value;
+                }
+
+                renderCommandEncoder.SetVertexBuffer(mtlBuffer, (ulong)offset, (ulong)index);
 
                 if (fragment)
                 {
-                        renderCommandEncoder.SetFragmentBuffer(mtlBuffer, (ulong)range.Offset, (ulong)buffer.Binding);
+                    renderCommandEncoder.SetFragmentBuffer(mtlBuffer, (ulong)offset, (ulong)index);
-                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        private readonly void SetComputeBuffers(MTLComputeCommandEncoder computeCommandEncoder, BufferAssignment[] buffers)
+        private readonly void SetComputeBuffers(MTLComputeCommandEncoder computeCommandEncoder, BufferRef[] buffers)
         {
-            foreach (var buffer in buffers)
+            for (int i = 0; i < buffers.Length; i++)
             {
-                var range = buffer.Range;
+                var range = buffers[i].Range;
-                var mtlBuffer = _bufferManager.GetBuffer(range.Handle, range.Offset, range.Size, range.Write).Get(_pipeline.CurrentCommandBuffer).Value;
+                var autoBuffer = buffers[i].Buffer;
+                var offset = 0;
+                var index = buffers[i].Index;
 
-                computeCommandEncoder.SetBuffer(mtlBuffer, (ulong)range.Offset, (ulong)buffer.Binding);
+                if (autoBuffer == null)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
 
+                MTLBuffer mtlBuffer;
+
+                if (range.HasValue)
+                {
+                    offset = range.Value.Offset;
+                    mtlBuffer = autoBuffer.Get(_pipeline.CurrentCommandBuffer, offset, range.Value.Size, range.Value.Write).Value;
+
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    mtlBuffer = autoBuffer.Get(_pipeline.CurrentCommandBuffer).Value;
+                }
+
+                computeCommandEncoder.SetBuffer(mtlBuffer, (ulong)offset, (ulong)index);
             }
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/HelperShader.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
     [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
     public class HelperShader : IDisposable
     {
+        private const int ConvertElementsPerWorkgroup = 32 * 100; // Work group size of 32 times 100 elements.
         private const string ShadersSourcePath = "/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/Shaders";
+        private readonly MetalRenderer _renderer;
         private readonly Pipeline _pipeline;
         private MTLDevice _device;
 
@@ -21,10 +23,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         private readonly IProgram _programColorBlit;
         private readonly List<IProgram> _programsColorClear = new();
         private readonly IProgram _programDepthStencilClear;
+        private readonly IProgram _programStrideChange;
 
-        public HelperShader(MTLDevice device, Pipeline pipeline)
+        public HelperShader(MTLDevice device, MetalRenderer renderer, Pipeline pipeline)
         {
             _device = device;
+            _renderer = renderer;
             _pipeline = pipeline;
 
             _samplerNearest = new Sampler(_device, SamplerCreateInfo.Create(MinFilter.Nearest, MagFilter.Nearest));
@@ -54,6 +58,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 new ShaderSource(depthStencilClearSource, ShaderStage.Fragment, TargetLanguage.Msl),
                 new ShaderSource(depthStencilClearSource, ShaderStage.Vertex, TargetLanguage.Msl)
             ], device);
+
+            var strideChangeSource = ReadMsl("ChangeBufferStride.metal");
+            _programStrideChange = new Program(
+            [
+                new ShaderSource(strideChangeSource, ShaderStage.Compute, TargetLanguage.Msl)
+            ], device);
         }
 
         private static string ReadMsl(string fileName)
@@ -62,6 +72,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         }
 
         public unsafe void BlitColor(
+            CommandBufferScoped cbs,
             ITexture src,
             ITexture dst,
             Extents2D srcRegion,
@@ -89,6 +100,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 (region[2], region[3]) = (region[3], region[2]);
             }
 
+            // using var buffer = _renderer.BufferManager.ReserveOrCreate(cbs, RegionBufferSize);
+            // buffer.Holder.SetDataUnchecked<float>(buffer.Offset, region);
+            // _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers([new BufferAssignment(0, buffer.Range)]);
+
             var rect = new Rectangle<float>(
                 MathF.Min(dstRegion.X1, dstRegion.X2),
                 MathF.Min(dstRegion.Y1, dstRegion.Y2),
@@ -156,6 +171,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 (region[2], region[3]) = (region[3], region[2]);
             }
 
+            // var bufferHandle = _renderer.BufferManager.CreateWithHandle(RegionBufferSize);
+            // _renderer.BufferManager.SetData<float>(bufferHandle, 0, region);
+            // _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers([new BufferAssignment(0, new BufferRange(bufferHandle, 0, RegionBufferSize))]);
+
             Span<Viewport> viewports = stackalloc Viewport[1];
             Span<Rectangle<int>> scissors = stackalloc Rectangle<int>[1];
 
@@ -200,6 +219,57 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _pipeline.RestoreState();
         }
 
+        public void ConvertI8ToI16(CommandBufferScoped cbs, BufferHolder src, BufferHolder dst, int srcOffset, int size)
+        {
+            ChangeStride(cbs, src, dst, srcOffset, size, 1, 2);
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void ChangeStride(
+            CommandBufferScoped cbs,
+            BufferHolder src,
+            BufferHolder dst,
+            int srcOffset,
+            int size,
+            int stride,
+            int newStride)
+        {
+            int elems = size / stride;
+
+            var srcBuffer = src.GetBuffer();
+            var dstBuffer = dst.GetBuffer();
+
+            const int ParamsBufferSize = 16;
+
+            // Save current state
+            _pipeline.SaveAndResetState();
+
+            Span<int> shaderParams = stackalloc int[ParamsBufferSize / sizeof(int)];
+
+            shaderParams[0] = stride;
+            shaderParams[1] = newStride;
+            shaderParams[2] = size;
+            shaderParams[3] = srcOffset;
+
+            using var buffer = _renderer.BufferManager.ReserveOrCreate(cbs, ParamsBufferSize);
+
+            buffer.Holder.SetDataUnchecked<int>(buffer.Offset, shaderParams);
+
+            _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers([new BufferAssignment(0, buffer.Range)]);
+
+            Span<Auto<DisposableBuffer>> sbRanges = new Auto<DisposableBuffer>[2];
+
+            sbRanges[0] = srcBuffer;
+            sbRanges[1] = dstBuffer;
+
+            _pipeline.SetStorageBuffers(1, sbRanges);
+
+            _pipeline.SetProgram(_programStrideChange);
+            _pipeline.DispatchCompute(1 + elems / ConvertElementsPerWorkgroup, 1, 1, 64, 1, 1);
+
+            // Restore previous state
+            _pipeline.RestoreState();
+        }
+
         public unsafe void ClearColor(
             int index,
             ReadOnlySpan<float> clearColor,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/MetalRenderer.cs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
             _pipeline.InitEncoderStateManager(_bufferManager);
 
-            _helperShader = new HelperShader(_device, _pipeline);
+            _helperShader = new HelperShader(_device, this, _pipeline);
             SyncManager = new SyncManager(this);
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/Pipeline.cs

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             var textureInfo = new TextureCreateInfo((int)drawable.Texture.Width, (int)drawable.Texture.Height, (int)drawable.Texture.Depth, (int)drawable.Texture.MipmapLevelCount, (int)drawable.Texture.SampleCount, 0, 0, 0, Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm, 0, Target.Texture2D, SwizzleComponent.Red, SwizzleComponent.Green, SwizzleComponent.Blue, SwizzleComponent.Alpha);
             var dst = new Texture(_device, _renderer, this, textureInfo, drawable.Texture, 0, 0);
 
-            _renderer.HelperShader.BlitColor(src, dst, srcRegion, dstRegion, isLinear);
+            _renderer.HelperShader.BlitColor(Cbs, src, dst, srcRegion, dstRegion, isLinear);
 
             EndCurrentPass();
 
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             Extents2D dstRegion,
             bool linearFilter)
         {
-            _renderer.HelperShader.BlitColor(src, dst, srcRegion, dstRegion, linearFilter);
+            _renderer.HelperShader.BlitColor(Cbs, src, dst, srcRegion, dstRegion, linearFilter);
         }
 
         public void Barrier()
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             // TODO: Support topology re-indexing to provide support for TriangleFans
             var primitiveType = _encoderStateManager.Topology.Convert();
 
-            var indexBuffer = _renderer.BufferManager.GetBuffer(_encoderStateManager.IndexBuffer.Handle, false);
+            var indexBuffer = _encoderStateManager.IndexBuffer;
 
             renderCommandEncoder.DrawIndexedPrimitives(
                 primitiveType,
@@ -546,6 +546,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _encoderStateManager.UpdateStorageBuffers(buffers);
         }
 
+        public void SetStorageBuffers(int first, ReadOnlySpan<Auto<DisposableBuffer>> buffers)
+        {
+            _encoderStateManager.UpdateStorageBuffers(first, buffers);
+        }
+
         public void SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, ISampler sampler)
         {
             if (texture is TextureBase tex)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal.csproj

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
     <ItemGroup>
       <EmbeddedResource Include="Shaders\Blit.metal" />
+      <EmbeddedResource Include="Shaders\ChangeBufferStride.metal" />
       <EmbeddedResource Include="Shaders\ColorClear.metal" />
       <EmbeddedResource Include="Shaders\DepthStencilClear.metal" />
     </ItemGroup>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/Shaders/ChangeBufferStride.metal

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <metal_stdlib>
+
+using namespace metal;
+
+kernel void kernelMain(constant int4& stride_arguments [[buffer(0)]],
+                       device uint8_t* in_data [[buffer(1)]],
+                       device uint8_t* out_data [[buffer(2)]],
+                       uint3 thread_position_in_grid [[thread_position_in_grid]],
+                       uint3 threads_per_threadgroup [[threads_per_threadgroup]],
+                       uint3 threadgroups_per_grid [[threads_per_grid]])
+{
+    // Determine what slice of the stride copies this invocation will perform.
+
+    int sourceStride = stride_arguments.x;
+    int targetStride = stride_arguments.y;
+    int bufferSize = stride_arguments.z;
+    int sourceOffset = stride_arguments.w;
+
+    int strideRemainder = targetStride - sourceStride;
+    int invocations = int(threads_per_threadgroup.x * threadgroups_per_grid.x);
+
+    int copiesRequired = bufferSize / sourceStride;
+
+    // Find the copies that this invocation should perform.
+
+    // - Copies that all invocations perform.
+    int allInvocationCopies = copiesRequired / invocations;
+
+    // - Extra remainder copy that this invocation performs.
+    int index = int(thread_position_in_grid.x);
+    int extra = (index < (copiesRequired % invocations)) ? 1 : 0;
+
+    int copyCount = allInvocationCopies + extra;
+
+    // Finally, get the starting offset. Make sure to count extra copies.
+
+    int startCopy = allInvocationCopies * index + min(copiesRequired % invocations, index);
+
+    int srcOffset = sourceOffset + startCopy * sourceStride;
+    int dstOffset = startCopy * targetStride;
+
+    // Perform the copies for this region
+    for (int i = 0; i < copyCount; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < sourceStride; j++) {
+            out_data[dstOffset++] = in_data[srcOffset++];
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < strideRemainder; j++) {
+            out_data[dstOffset++] = uint8_t(0);
+        }
+    }
+}